What enabled Pakistan’s J-10C with PL-15 missiles to successfully engage a Rafale, and why did Rafale’s defensive systems fail to detect the PL-15?
The entire aerial engagement process can be summed up in two pictures.
During the encounter, the J-10C was only responsible for launching the PL-15 missile, and the airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) aircraft were solely responsible for guidance. The Rafale's systems were unable to detect any radar emissions or threat cues because the J-10C did not activate its own fire-control radar as a result of this strategy. The Rafale probably had less than ten seconds to react by the time it realized the PL-15 missile was approaching, which was made more difficult by the PL-15's terminal-phase acceleration capability.
An important factor in this conflict was Pakistan's integrated "ABC" combat system. Three essential components are combined in the "ABC" concept, which stands for a highly coordinated warfare strategy:
Ground-based radar, or A, can identify and follow enemy aircraft from a distance.
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